The various types of soils found in India are discussed below
1. Laterite Soil/Red Soil: These soils are found in those regions which receive heavy rain fall. This soil is poor in lime content and hence it is more acidic. It is basically red in colour because of the presence of iron oxide. These soils are available in southern region of western ghats and Orissa in eastern ghats. This soil contains least moisture content
2. Black Cotton Soil: These are also called Regur soils. The colour of the soil is black because of the presence of certain salts. In some places humus in the soil imparts block colour. This soil is sticky when it is wet. These soils form deep cracks during dry season. Black soils are available in Deccan plateau and also plateaus of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, AP and Tamilnadu
3. Alluvial Soils: These soils occur along rivers and represent the soil materials that have been deposited by the rivers during flood. These soils are available at satpura range, North of Vindhya and Indo – Gangetic plain
4. Desert Soils: These are mostly sandy soils that occur in the low rainfall track. These are often subjected to wind erosion. These soils are available in Rajasthan.
5. Marine Soils: These soils are very soft, contains organic matter and are highly compressible in nature. They are very poor foundation material and having low shear strength.
These soils are available along a narrow belts along the Indian coast in sea banks.
