FIELD CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

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FIELD CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS Soil are classified based on the structure, geologic origin and topography. 1. Sand Sand is the material which passes through 4.75 mm and retained in 75 micron IS sieve. It is of small rounded or angular particles. It is permeable, self draining, grifty to touch, non plastic, cohesion less, high internal … Read more

DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

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DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS The soil are classified into various classifications based on index properties of soil. 1. Textural classification 2. LS. classification 3. M.1.T. classification (Massachult Institute of Technology) 4. L.R.C classification 5. Structural classification 6. Rough classification We restrict our study to first three types. Textural Classification of Soils It is … Read more

BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

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BEARING CAPACITY The foundation of all Civil Engineering structures transmits the loads to the soil beneath. The load per unit area of soil should be such that the resistance of soil is never exceeded. If it exceeds settlement or failure of soil in shear will takes place leads to collapse of structure. Bearing capacity of … Read more

CURVES OF ROADS — HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL CURVES

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HORIZONTAL CURVES Necessity of Horizontal Curves: 1. To avoid certain religious places, monuments of Historic importance etc.. 2. To provide access to a certain locality (villages or town). 3. To preserve the certain existing amenities. 4. To solve the problems of land acquisition. Types of Horizontal Curves 1. Circular curves (a) Simple curves (b) Compound … Read more

Q.A line LM 70mm long, has its end L 10 mm above H.P and 15 mm infront of V.P. Its top view and front view measures 60 mm and 40 mm respectively. Draw the projection of the line and determine its inclination with H.P. and V.P.

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Q.A line LM 70mm long, has its end L 10 mm above H.P and 15 mm infront of V.P. Its top view and front view measures 60 mm and 40 mm respectively. Draw the projection of the line and determine its inclination with H.P. and V.P. SOLUTION Construction: Steps to be followed: 1. Draw a … Read more

Q.A square ABCD of 40 mm side has it’s corner A is in H.P. Its diagonal AC inclined at 30° to the H.P. and the diagonal BD inclined at 45° to the V.P. and parallel to the H.P. draw its projection.

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Q.A square ABCD of 40 mm side has it’s corner A is in H.P. Its diagonal AC inclined at 30° to the H.P. and the diagonal BD inclined at 45° to the V.P. and parallel to the H.P. draw its projection. SOLUTION  Construction: Steps to be followed 1. Draw the xy line. 2. Draw the … Read more

Q.Draw the projection of a regular hexagon of 50 mm side, having one of ite sides in the H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P. and its a surface making an angle of 45° to the H.P.

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Q.Draw the projection of a regular hexagon of 50 mm side, having one of ite sides in the H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P. and its a surface making an angle of 45° to the H.P. SOLUTION Construction: Steps to be followed: 1. Draw the xy line. 2. Draw the top view abcdef … Read more

Q.A circular plate of 40 mm and negligible thickness rests of H.P. makes an angle 45º to it and one of its diameter is inclined to V.P. at 30. Draw the projection keeping distance of the centre of the plate is 40 mm in front of the V.P.

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Q.A circular plate of 40 mm and negligible thickness rests of H.P. makes an angle 45º to it and one of its diameter is inclined to V.P. at 30. Draw the projection keeping distance of the centre of the plate is 40 mm in front of the V.P. SOLUTION: Construction: Steps to be followed 1. … Read more

ENGINEERING DRAWING — PROJECTIONS OF PLANES

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PROJECTION OF PLANES Up to now, it is studied only the projections of points and lines which are single dimensional. Rhe plane is a two dimensional (Fig. 6.24) the views are to be studied here in the first angle method as is included in SP-46-1998. (A) PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO BOTH, THE PLANES. Q. Draw the … Read more