DIVISION OF SURVEYING 

Division of Surveying is divided into two main divisions. They are
1. Plane Surveying and
2 Geodetic Surveying

1. Plane Surveying :

Plane Surveying is that type of surveying in which the spheroidal shape of the earth is neglected and the shape of the earth is considered as plane. This is because, plane surveying is carried out over a small area. Iess than 250 km² and curvature of earth is neglected and less accuracy As the surface of the earth is considered as plane, a line joining any two points is considered to be straight. Referring to Fig. the triangle formed by three points A, B, C is considered as a plane triangle and the angles formed by the triangle, a, b, c, are assumed to be plane angles. Plane surveying is conducted by state government departments like Irrigation, R & B etc., Plane surveying is suitable to an area of less than 250 km².

2. Geodetic Surveying:

We know that the shape of the earth is spheroidal. Hence the surface is curved. curvature of earth is consideration. When the survey is conducting over a large area and high degree of a precision is required, then geodetic surveying is suitable.As the surface of the earth is considered as curved, a line joining any two points is considered as a curved line, referring to the Fig.the triangle formed by three points A, B, C is considered to be spherical triangle. The angles of the triangle a’, b’, c’ are assumed to be spherical angles.The object of Geodetic survey is to establish high degree, precise station points located at wide distance apart, which form control stations from which surveys of less precision may be referred.Geodetic surveying is conducted by the Survey of India Department, and it is carried out over an area exceeding 250 km²