HYDRAULICS

IMPORTANT FORMULAE OF PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

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IMPORTANT FORMULAE OF PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 1. SPECIFIC WEIGHT ω= ρ/g 2. SPECIFIC VOLUME v= 1/ω 3. SPECIFIC GRAVITY = specific weight of that liquid/specific weight of water 4. COMPRESSIBILITY  = 1/K 5. BULK MODULUS  K = { (dp/dv)/v} 6. VISCOUS SHEAR STRESS  τ = τ = μ*(du/dy) 7. KINEMATIC VISCOSITY  v= μ / ρ, 8. … Read more

The capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2 mm of water. Determine its minimum size, given that surface tension for water in contact with air = 0.0725 N/m.

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Q. The capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2 mm of water. Determine its minimum size, given that surface tension for water in contact with air = 0.0725 N/m. SOLUTION: Capillary rise, h = 0.2mm = 0.2 * 10³ m Surface tension σ = 0.0725N / m Let dia. of tube … Read more

Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube 2.5 mm diameter when immersed vertically in (a) water and (b) mercury. Take surface tensions o = 0.0725 N/m for water and sigma = 0.52N / m for mercury in contact with air. The specific gravity for mercury is given as 13.6 and angle of contact = 130°.

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 Q. Calculate the capillary rise þin a glass tube 2.5 mm diameter when immersed vertically in (a) water and (b) mercury. Take surface tensions o = 0.0725 N/m for water and sigma = 0.52N / m for mercury in contact with air. The specific gravity for mercury is given as 13.6 and angle of contact … Read more

Determine the viscosity of a liquid having kinematic viscosity 6 stokes and specific gravity 1.9.

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Q. Determine the viscosity of a liquid having kinematic viscosity 6 stokes and specific gravity 1.9. SOLUTION: Kinematic viscosity u = 6 stokes = 6cm²/ s = 6 * 10-⁴m²/ s Sp. Gravity of liquid = Density of liquid/Density of water 1.9=Density of liquid/ 1000 Density of liquid= 1000×1.9=1900kg / (m³) . Using the relations … Read more

Q. Find the kinematic viscosity of an oil having density 981 kg / (m ^ 3) . The shear stress at a point in oil is 0.2452N / (m ^ 2) and velocity gradient at that point is 0.2 per second.

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 Q. Find the kinematic viscosity of an oil having density 981 kg / (m ^ 3) . The shear stress at a point in oil is 0.2452N / (m ^ 2) and velocity gradient at that point is 0.2 per second. SOLUTION: Mass density,rho = 981kg / (m³) Shear stress, τ = 0.2452N / (m²) … Read more

Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart, the space between them being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poises. Calculate the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity of 2.5 m/s.

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 Q. Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart, the space between them being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poises. Calculate the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity of 2.5 m/s. SOLUTION: Given: Distance between plates, dy 1.25 cm = 0.0125 m Viscosity μ = 14 poise = … Read more

Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity = 1 poise. The oil is used for lubricating the clearance between a shaft of diameter 10 cm and its journal bearing. The clearance is 1.5 mm and the shaft rotates at 150 rpm

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 Q. Determine the intensity of shear of an oil having viscosity = 1 poise. The oil is used for lubricating the clearance between a shaft of diameter 10 cm and its journal bearing. The clearance is 1.5 mm and the shaft rotates at 150 rpm SOLUTION: Given: μ= 1 poise- 10 Ns/m² Dia of shaft … Read more

Q. If the equation of a velocity profile over a plate is V = 2 y2/3, in which ‘v’ is the velocity in mis at a distance of ‘y’ metres above the plate, Determine the shear stress at y = 0 and y = 0.075m (or) 7.5 сm.

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Q. If the equation of a velocity profile over a plate is V = 2 y2/3, in which ‘v’ is the velocity in mis at a distance of ‘y’ metres above the plate, Determine the shear stress at y = 0 and y = 0.075m (or) 7.5 сm. Given: µ = 0.835 N.S/m² SOLUTION: The … Read more

Q. A liquid empressed in a cylinder has a volume of 0.0113 m³ at 0.87 * 10 ^ 6 * N / (m ^ 2) pressure and a volume of 0.0112 m³ at 13.73 * 10 ^ 6 * N / (m ^ 2) pressure. What is its bulk modulus?

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Q. A liquid empressed in a cylinder has a volume of 0.0113 m³ at 6.87 * 10-⁶ N / (m ^ 2) pressure and a volume of 0.0112 m³ at 13.73 * 10⁶ * N /M² pressure. What is its bulk modulus? SOLUTION: Bulk modulus K =- dp/ (du/ V) dp = (13.73 * 10⁶ … Read more

Q. Estimate the capillary rise or depression in a tube of 3 mm diameter when tube is immersed in (a) Water (b) Mercury. Surface tensions for water and mercury at 20º C are 0.075 N/m & 0.52 N/m respectively.

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Q. Estimate the capillary rise or depression in a tube of 3 mm diameter when tube is immersed in (a) Water (b) Mercury. Surface tensions for water and mercury at 20º C are 0.075 N/m & 0.52 N/m respectively. SOLUTION: Capillary rise or depression h = (2σ * cosθ)/(wr) a) In Case of Water : … Read more